Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

Which parameter is primarily evaluated when compensating for metabolic disturbances?

1. CO2

2. pH

3. HCO3

4. O2

The correct answer is: HCO3

The evaluation of HCO3, or bicarbonate, is essential in assessing and compensating for metabolic disturbances. Bicarbonate is a crucial buffer that helps maintain the body's acid-base balance. When metabolic acidosis occurs, for instance, the bicarbonate level typically decreases as it neutralizes excess acids, while in metabolic alkalosis, bicarbonate levels increase. Understanding the role of bicarbonate in metabolic processes is vital for determining the underlying cause of acid-base imbalances. In a clinical scenario, alterations in HCO3 levels provide insight into whether a metabolic disturbance is present and to what degree compensation may be occurring. While pH is important for understanding the overall acid-base status, it is directly affected by both respiratory and metabolic processes, making it a secondary measure in the context of metabolic disturbances. CO2 primarily relates to respiratory function and compensation, while O2 is critical for overall oxygenation but does not directly indicate metabolic imbalance or compensation. Therefore, evaluating bicarbonate levels is key to managing and understanding metabolic disturbances in neonates.