Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

Which neonatal condition is characterized by a "barking" cough?

1. Bronchiolitis

2. Croup

3. Pneumonia

4. Asthma

The correct answer is: Croup

The condition characterized by a "barking" cough is croup, commonly seen in young children. Croup is typically caused by viral infections that lead to inflammation of the larynx and trachea. This inflammation causes a distinctive cough that resembles the barking of a seal, primarily due to the narrowing of the airway. Croup often presents with additional symptoms such as stridor, which is a high-pitched wheezing sound during inhalation, and can occur particularly at night. The accompanying symptoms can include hoarseness and respiratory distress, which may escalate in severity. Understanding the hallmark sign of a barking cough helps healthcare providers quickly identify and manage croup, differentiating it from other respiratory conditions. In contrast, bronchiolitis typically involves wheezing due to inflammation of the small airways, pneumonia is characterized by productive cough, fever, and difficulty breathing, and asthma presents with wheezing and chest tightness but does not produce a barking cough. Recognizing the unique features of croup is essential for effective treatment and reassurance for both caregivers and the child.