Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

Which factors most directly impact oxygenation in neonates?

1. Only the infant's age

2. Percentage of oxygen delivered and mechanical mean airway pressure

3. Mother's health history

4. Ambient room temperature

The correct answer is: Percentage of oxygen delivered and mechanical mean airway pressure

The factors that most directly impact oxygenation in neonates primarily involve the management of their respiratory environment and support systems. The percentage of oxygen delivered to the infant is critical because it determines the volume of oxygen available for the infant's needs, especially in cases where they may be experiencing respiratory distress or hypoxia. Additionally, mechanical mean airway pressure plays a crucial role in maintaining adequate ventilation. This pressure affects how air is distributed within the lungs and ensures that the alveoli are opened and functioning optimally, which is essential for efficient gas exchange. In contrast, while the infant's age, the mother's health history, and ambient room temperature may have some influence on the overall health and well-being of the neonate, they do not directly dictate oxygenation levels in the same immediate and impactful manner as the delivery of oxygen and airway pressure do. Age can influence respiratory maturity, and a mother's health can affect fetal development, but the real-time management of oxygen delivery and airway pressure is what directly affects the neonate's current oxygenation status. Similarly, while ambient room temperature is important for thermoregulation, it does not play a role in the immediate oxygenation needs of the neonate.