Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

Which factor is a predisposing cause of osteopenia of prematurity?

1. Diminished calcium absorption

2. Prolonged parenteral nutrition

3. Vitamin D deficiency

4. Inadequate protein intake

The correct answer is: Prolonged parenteral nutrition

Osteopenia of prematurity is a common condition seen in preterm infants, characterized by low bone mineral density. Prolonged parenteral nutrition can be a predisposing factor because it may not provide adequate levels of minerals, including calcium and phosphorus, essential for bone development. In many cases, infants who rely on parenteral nutrition for extended periods may lack the necessary nutrients to support normal bone mineralization, leading to osteopenia. While diminished calcium absorption, vitamin D deficiency, and inadequate protein intake are also important considerations in the overall health of preterm infants, they are typically more related to the direct nutritional deficits rather than specifically the prolonged use of parenteral nutrition, which has broader implications on overall nutrient availability and balance in the infant.