Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

Which condition can lead to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) if not properly managed?

1. Sleep apnea

2. Gastroesophageal reflux

3. Respiratory distress

4. Seizures

The correct answer is: Sleep apnea

Sleep apnea is a known condition that can be a significant risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) if it is not managed properly. In infants, sleep apnea can manifest as episodes of breathing cessation, often accompanied by decreased oxygen saturation levels. These episodes can occur during sleep, and if they are severe or prolonged, they may lead to respiratory failure or even death in the susceptible infant. Management typically involves close monitoring, ensuring safe sleep practices, addressing any underlying neurological or respiratory issues, and may include interventions such as apnea monitors or breathing support in more severe cases. By adequately managing sleep apnea, the risk of SIDS can be reduced, making it critical for caregivers and healthcare professionals to be vigilant about recognizing and treating this condition in infants. While gastroesophageal reflux, respiratory distress, and seizures can lead to other health complications, their direct connection to SIDS is not as established as that of sleep apnea. Proper management of these conditions is essential for overall infant health, but the immediate risk of SIDS specifically highlights the importance of effective handling of sleep apnea.