Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

When evaluating the effects of environmental influences on premature infants, which condition is associated with increased insensible water loss?

1. High ambient temperature

2. Humidification of inspired gases

3. Increasing gestational age

4. Low humidity environments

The correct answer is: High ambient temperature

The correct choice pertains to the condition where low humidity environments are linked with increased insensible water loss in premature infants. Premature infants have a larger body surface area relative to their weight, and they may lack the protective barriers of more mature skin. In settings with low humidity, the moisture in the skin and respiratory tract evaporates more rapidly, leading to greater insensible water loss. High ambient temperatures can further exacerbate this effect by increasing metabolic rates and promoting additional fluid loss. In contrast, humidification of inspired gases is a practice that can help mitigate insensible water loss by ensuring the airways remain moist. As infants mature with increasing gestational age, their skin becomes more robust, effectively reducing insensible water loss. Thus, low humidity environments present a significant risk for dehydration in premature infants, emphasizing the importance of maintaining appropriate humidity levels in their care settings.