Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

When compensating for respiratory disturbances, which parameter is primarily monitored?

1. HCO3

2. O2 saturation

3. CO2

4. pH

The correct answer is: CO2

When addressing respiratory disturbances, the primary parameter monitored is the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This is crucial because CO2 plays a significant role in the respiratory control mechanism and is a key indicator of ventilation status. Elevated CO2 levels indicate hypoventilation or inadequate gas exchange, which can lead to respiratory acidosis. Conversely, decreased CO2 levels may suggest hyperventilation, resulting in respiratory alkalosis. Thus, monitoring CO2 helps assess the effectiveness of ventilation and the need for intervention in cases of respiratory compromise. While other parameters such as pH, bicarbonate (HCO3), and oxygen saturation (O2 saturation) are also important in evaluating a patient's overall respiratory status and metabolic balance, CO2 specifically reflects the immediate ventilatory response and is vital for assessing the acute respiratory distress and compensatory mechanisms in place.