Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What role does PEEP play in neonatal respiratory function?

1. It decreases tidal volume

2. It promotes and improves FRC

3. It increases airway resistance

4. It enhances gas exchange

The correct answer is: It promotes and improves FRC

PEEP, or Positive End-Expiratory Pressure, plays a crucial role in neonatal respiratory function primarily by promoting and improving Functional Residual Capacity (FRC). FRC is the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration. In neonates, especially those with respiratory issues like surfactant deficiency or atelectasis, maintaining an adequate FRC is essential for optimizing lung compliance and preventing collapse of the alveoli. By using PEEP, airway pressure is maintained at the end of expiration, which helps to keep the alveoli open. This airflow limitation reduces the likelihood of atelectasis, thus increasing the effective lung volume available for gas exchange. Improved FRC leads to better oxygenation, reduced work of breathing, and overall enhanced respiratory function, which is vital in neonatal care. Ventilatory strategies that incorporate PEEP are particularly beneficial for neonates, as they can enhance oxygen delivery without significantly increasing the risk of barotrauma. Therefore, improving FRC through the application of PEEP is a primary mechanism by which this strategy aids neonatal respiratory management.