Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

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What potential risk is increased in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition over time?

Gastroesophageal reflux
Infection
Weight gain
Bone density loss

The correct answer is: Infection

Infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are at an increased risk for infection due to several factors associated with the administration of TPN. TPN involves delivering nutrients intravenously, which requires the use of central venous catheters. These catheters provide a direct route into the bloodstream and can serve as a potential entry point for pathogens. The risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections is notably higher in patients receiving TPN, especially if the lines are not carefully managed or if sterile techniques are not strictly followed. In addition, long-term TPN can lead to changes in gut flora and contribute to immune system compromise, further increasing the likelihood of infections. Close monitoring and adherence to infection control protocols are essential in managing infants on TPN to mitigate this risk. Understanding the implications of TPN can help healthcare providers take proactive measures to prevent complications in this vulnerable population.