Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What potential complication requires close monitoring during non-invasive respiratory support?

1. Hypoxia

2. Abdominal distention

3. Cyanosis

4. Respiratory failure

The correct answer is: Abdominal distention

Close monitoring for abdominal distention during non-invasive respiratory support is essential due to the potential for increased intra-abdominal pressure. This can occur in neonates who are receiving positive pressure ventilation, such as with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP). These interventions can inadvertently contribute to air swallowing, which may lead to gastric distention and result in abdominal distention. This distention can affect diaphragm mechanics and, subsequently, respiratory function. While hypoxia, cyanosis, and respiratory failure are certainly serious complications that could arise during the use of non-invasive respiratory support, they are often monitored through clinical assessment, pulse oximetry, and arterial blood gases, making them somewhat more expected outcomes. Therefore, the specific need to closely monitor abdominal distention highlights the nuanced understanding of complications that can arise as a direct consequence of the respiratory support being provided.