Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

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What is the role of essential fatty acids (EFAs) in neonates?

Improving respiratory function
Enhancing visual acuity and cognitive ability
Boosting metabolic rate
Regulating blood pressure

The correct answer is: Enhancing visual acuity and cognitive ability

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) play a critical role in the development of visual acuity and cognitive ability in neonates. These fatty acids, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are vital for the formation of cell membranes and are involved in the development of the nervous system. In the brain, EFAs are integral components of neuronal membranes and assist in synaptic plasticity, which is crucial for learning and memory. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are especially important for retinal development and function, contributing to improved visual processing and acuity. The significance of EFAs in cognitive development is well-established; they are essential for the proper growth and function of neural tissues, influencing the child's ability to learn and develop sensory perceptions. This role underscores why enhancing visual acuity and cognitive ability is a key outcome associated with the adequate intake of essential fatty acids in neonates.