Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is the primary mechanism of action of glucagon in treating hypoglycemia?

1. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis from protein

2. Stimulation of glycogen release from the liver

3. Suppression of pancreatic insulin secretion

4. Inhibition of glucagon release

The correct answer is: Stimulation of glycogen release from the liver

The primary mechanism of action of glucagon in treating hypoglycemia is the stimulation of glycogen release from the liver. Glucagon, which is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas, promotes the conversion of glycogen stored in the liver back into glucose. This process is known as glycogenolysis. When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is released into the bloodstream, signaling the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose to help restore normal blood glucose levels. This mechanism effectively counteracts hypoglycemia, as it quickly increases the availability of glucose, providing the necessary energy for the body's cells. While glucagon also has some role in gluconeogenesis and affects insulin secretion, its primary and most immediate action in the context of hypoglycemia is mobilizing glycogen reserves in the liver to elevate blood glucose levels.