Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is the most common type of neck mass seen in neonates?

1. Cystic hygroma

2. Goiter

3. Thyroglossal duct cyst

4. Lymphatic malformation

The correct answer is: Cystic hygroma

The most common type of neck mass seen in neonates is cystic hygroma. This condition is characterized by a fluid-filled sac that typically arises from lymphatic vessels due to their improper development. Cystic hygromas are often located in the posterior triangle of the neck and can vary in size. They frequently present at birth or may be detected during prenatal ultrasounds. Cystic hygromas are significant because they are associated with certain genetic conditions, such as Turner syndrome or Down syndrome. Their presence can indicate the need for comprehensive evaluation and follow-up regarding potential complications, like respiratory distress due to airway obstruction, especially if they are large. While goiters, thyroglossal duct cysts, and lymphatic malformations can also present as neck masses in neonates, they are less common compared to cystic hygromas. Goiters tend to arise from thyroid issues, thyroglossal duct cysts result from the incomplete closure of the thyroglossal duct, and lymphatic malformations encompass a broader group of anomalies that may present differently in terms of prevalence and presentation in neonates.