Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is the most common pathogen associated with early-onset sepsis in newborns?

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae

2. Staphylococcus aureus

3. Escherichia coli

4. Group B Streptococcus

The correct answer is: Group B Streptococcus

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is identified as the most common pathogen associated with early-onset sepsis in newborns, particularly within the first week of life. This bacterium is often found in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of pregnant women. Approximately 10-30% of healthy pregnant women are carriers of GBS. During vaginal delivery, the neonate can be exposed to GBS, which may lead to infection. Early-onset sepsis generally occurs within the first 72 hours of life, and GBS is a leading cause due to its prevalence in mothers. The impact of GBS infection in newborns can be severe, potentially leading to pneumonia, meningitis, and systemic infections, highlighting the importance of effective screening and prophylactic measures during pregnancy to mitigate this risk. While other pathogens can cause early-onset sepsis, their incidence is lower compared to GBS. For instance, Escherichia coli is another recognized pathogen in early-onset sepsis but is less frequent than GBS. The other bacteria listed, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, are more commonly associated with late-onset sepsis or infections in older infants and children rather than early-onset se