Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is the initial action for a preterm infant of a diabetic mother who has experienced seizures?

1. Obtain ultrasound

2. Assess for metabolic imbalances

3. Perform lumbar puncture

4. Monitor vital signs

The correct answer is: Assess for metabolic imbalances

In the case of a preterm infant born to a diabetic mother who has experienced seizures, assessing for metabolic imbalances is crucial as the initial action. Metabolic imbalances, particularly hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and electrolyte disturbances, are common in neonates with maternal diabetes and can lead to neurological complications, including seizures. Prompt identification of these imbalances allows for timely treatment to stabilize the infant's condition. While monitoring vital signs is essential and part of overall assessment, it does not directly address the cause of the seizures in the context of this clinical scenario. Performing a lumbar puncture may be necessary if there's a suspicion of infection or central nervous system involvement, but the immediate priority is to rule out metabolic issues. Likewise, obtaining an ultrasound, while potentially useful for other evaluations, does not address the acute needs associated with the seizures initially. Therefore, the focus on metabolic assessment aligns with best practices in neonatal care for this specific situation.