Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is the expected physiological change seen following the administration of pain medication to a distressed neonate?

1. Rapid heart rate decrease

2. Improved oxygen saturation

3. Decreased crying and fussiness

4. Increased respiratory rate

The correct answer is: Decreased crying and fussiness

When pain medication is administered to a distressed neonate, one of the most immediate physiological changes anticipated is a decrease in crying and fussiness. Pain medications, such as opioids or analgesics, provide relief from discomfort, allowing the neonate to achieve a state of greater tranquility and comfort. This reduction in distress not only helps to improve the overall well-being of the infant but also aids in stabilizing their physiological functions. The analgesic effects of the medication help to alleviate pain signals, resulting in less agitation and irritability. As a result, the neonate may become less vocal and more settled, reflecting the pharmacological impact of the pain relief. This improvement in the infant’s comfort level is a primary goal when administering pain medication. In contrast to this expected outcome, while some physiological changes like heart rate or respiratory rate may be influenced indirectly by reduced pain and distress, they are not the direct and immediate results of administering pain medication. Instead, the most observable and significant change in response to effective pain management in neonates is indeed the decrease in crying and fussiness, highlighting the critical role of pain relief in providing care to this fragile population.