Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is Caput Succedaneum?

1. Swelling in the tummy area of newborns

2. Edema under the scalp from pressure during delivery

3. Fluid accumulation in the lungs

4. Skin irritation caused by diaper rash

The correct answer is: Edema under the scalp from pressure during delivery

Caput succedaneum is characterized by edema under the scalp that occurs as a result of pressure exerted during delivery, especially in cases of prolonged labor or a difficult birth. This condition arises when the baby's head compresses against the cervix and pelvic structures during labor, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the soft tissues of the scalp, which manifests as a soft, swollen area. This edema can be observed shortly after birth and is typically localized to the area overlying the presenting part of the skull, often appearing as a "cone head" shape. Importantly, caput succedaneum is usually benign and resolves on its own within a few days following birth without requiring treatment. The other options do not accurately describe caput succedaneum: swelling in the tummy area is not related to the head and is more common in other conditions; fluid accumulation in the lungs pertains to neonatal respiratory issues; and skin irritation from diaper rash involves the skin of the perineal area, unrelated to delivery pressure on the scalp. Thus, the defining features of caput succedaneum make it a specifically recognizable condition arising from delivery-related factors.