Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is a primary risk factor for jaundice in neonates?

1. High birth weight

2. Prematurity

3. Delayed feeding

4. Maternal diabetes

The correct answer is: Prematurity

Prematurity is recognized as a primary risk factor for jaundice in neonates due to several underlying physiological factors associated with preterm birth. Infants born prematurely often have immature liver function, which can impair the ability of the liver to process bilirubin effectively. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells, and in newborns, particularly those who are preterm, the liver may not yet be sufficiently developed to handle elevated levels of bilirubin, leading to an increased risk of jaundice. Additionally, premature infants often experience other complications, such as erythroblastosis fetalis, hematological challenges, or conditions that may further exacerbate bilirubin levels. The combination of liver immaturity and possible increased bilirubin production makes prematurity a significant contributor to the development of jaundice. High birth weight, delayed feeding, and maternal diabetes can have varying effects on jaundice risk, but none are as directly correlated with the immature physiology of the preterm liver as prematurity itself. High birth weight may lead to increased red blood cell mass, which can cause hyperbilirubinemia but is less significant in comparison to the profound effects of prematurity. Delayed feeding can also contribute to jaundice by leading to dehydration and reduced calor