Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is a common condition linked to metabolic alkalosis in neonates?

1. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

2. Correction of Chronic Respiratory Acidosis

3. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

4. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension

The correct answer is: Correction of Chronic Respiratory Acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis in neonates can often be linked to the correction of chronic respiratory acidosis. This situation occurs when a neonate has been experiencing prolonged hypoventilation, leading to an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a decrease in blood pH due to respiratory acidosis. When the underlying respiratory issue is resolved, or if there is overcorrection, the abrupt change in acid-base balance can lead to a state of metabolic alkalosis. In such cases, the bicarbonate levels may rise as the body compensates for the parameters of CO2, causing a shift towards alkalosis. Understanding this relationship is crucial for neonatal practitioners to manage the treatment effectively, ensuring appropriate monitoring and intervention during the transition of acid-base status. While other conditions mentioned can have significant impacts on a neonate's health and may involve different acid-base disturbances, they are not typically associated with metabolic alkalosis in the same direct manner. Thus, recognizing the link between chronic respiratory acidosis correction and the subsequent risk of developing metabolic alkalosis is fundamental for effective clinical practice in neonatology.