Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is a common characteristic seen in infants with congenital heart defects?

1. Weight gain

2. Consistent high blood pressure

3. Persistent lethargy

4. Increased appetite

The correct answer is: Persistent lethargy

Infants with congenital heart defects often exhibit persistent lethargy due to inadequate oxygenation and reduced cardiac output that result from their heart's inability to effectively pump blood. This can lead to fatigue as their bodies struggle to meet metabolic demands, affecting their energy levels and overall activity. In contrast, the other characteristics mentioned are generally not associated with congenital heart defects. For instance, weight gain may be limited due to feeding difficulties or increased energy expenditure and is not a common observation. Consistent high blood pressure is not typical in infants with congenital heart conditions; they might instead present with variable blood pressure readings dependent on the severity and nature of the defect. Similarly, an increased appetite may not be observed, as these infants might either have feeding intolerance or fatigue that prevents them from feeding effectively. Recognizing persistent lethargy as a key characteristic allows healthcare providers to identify potential congenital heart defects early, enabling timely intervention and management of potential complications.