Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What is a common and significant risk factor for developing conjunctivitis in newborns?

1. Prolonged labor

2. Gestational diabetes

3. Maternal chlamydia infection

4. Meconium aspiration

The correct answer is: Maternal chlamydia infection

A maternal chlamydia infection is a well-documented risk factor for developing conjunctivitis in newborns, specifically a condition known as chlamydial conjunctivitis. This type of conjunctivitis can occur when the newborn is exposed to the bacteria during delivery, particularly if the mother has an untreated chlamydial infection. The infection can lead to symptoms in the infant that typically manifest within the first two weeks of life, presenting with redness, swelling, and discharge from the eyes. In contrast, while prolonged labor, gestational diabetes, and meconium aspiration are conditions that can affect neonates, they are not directly linked to the development of conjunctivitis. Prolonged labor may increase the risk of trauma or infection but does not specifically relate to conjunctivitis. Gestational diabetes impacts maternal and fetal well-being but lacks a direct connection to eye infections in the newborn. Meconium aspiration syndrome involves the inhalation of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and primarily affects the respiratory system rather than the eyes. Thus, the maternal chlamydia infection stands out as the most significant risk factor for conjunctivitis in newborns.