Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

What condition is described as primary pulmonary tissue dysplasia with failure of terminal bronchioles to canalize?

1. Congenital lobar emphysema

2. Cystic adenomatoid malformation

3. Bronchogenic cyst

4. Interstitial lung disease

The correct answer is: Cystic adenomatoid malformation

The condition characterized by primary pulmonary tissue dysplasia and the failure of terminal bronchioles to canalize is indeed cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM). This condition involves abnormal lung development leading to the formation of cystic lesions due to an abnormal proliferation of terminal bronchioles. The dysplastic lung tissue ultimately results in varying degrees of air-filled cysts that can disrupt normal lung architecture and function. Cystic adenomatoid malformation is often identified prenatally through imaging techniques, and it can present with respiratory distress in neonates if the lesions are large enough to compromise airflow or lung capacity. The spectrum of CAM can range from mild to severe, with more severe forms presenting with associated anomalies and significant pulmonary compromise. In contrast, congenital lobar emphysema involves the overinflation of a single lobe of the lung due to obstruction of the airways but does not involve the same primary dysplastic changes as CAM. Bronchogenic cysts are ectopic lung tissue cysts that arise from the abnormal development of the bronchial tree but do not typically exhibit the pulmonary tissue dysplasia described in the question. Interstitial lung disease encompasses a variety of lung conditions affecting the interstitium but does not specifically describe the