Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Practice Exam

How is Nasal CPAP administered to infants?

1. Using an endotracheal tube

2. Through prongs or a mask delivering heated humidified gas

3. With a high-flow nasal cannula

4. By delivering ambient air only

The correct answer is: Through prongs or a mask delivering heated humidified gas

Nasal CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) is administered specifically to infants through prongs or a mask that delivers heated, humidified gas. This method enhances the comfort and tolerance for the infant, ensuring that the airflow is warm and moist, which is crucial in preventing airway irritation and facilitating easier breathing. The prongs or mask fit snugly around the nose, allowing for a continuous flow of pressurized air that helps keep the alveoli open, improving oxygenation and ventilation. In contrast, the administration of CPAP via an endotracheal tube, while effective for invasive ventilation, is not the method used for non-invasive CPAP approaches, which is what this question pertains to. High-flow nasal cannulas deliver a different type of support compared to CPAP, as they can provide both oxygen and humidity but do not specifically create the continuous pressure required to be classified as CPAP. Additionally, delivering ambient air alone does not provide the necessary pressure to aid in the management of respiratory conditions in infants. Thus, the correct answer highlights the specific application and function of nasal CPAP in neonatal care.